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iSveryday <£ife at 
Hampton ijnstitute 



T 



EVERY-DAY LIFE AT THE 
HAMPTON NORMAL AND 
AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE 



The Press of 

The Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute 

Hampton, Virginia 

1909 



A 'cvP 







MEMORIAL CHURCH 



TRAMSIFERREO FROM 
' MAR 26 \i\2 



The Hampton 
rmal and Agricultural Institute 

HAMPTON, VIRGINIA 

H. B. FRISSELL F. K. ROGERS H. B. TURNER 

Principal Treasurer Chaplain 

THE SCHOOL WAS FOUNDED BY GENERAL SAMUEL C. 
ARMSTRONG IN 1868 FOR THE EDUCATION OF NEGRO 
AND INDIAN YOUTH. IT IS SITUATED AT HAMPTON, VIRGINIA, 
TWO MILES FROM OLD POINT COMFORT. 

IT AIMS TO MAKE USEFUL, LAW-ABIDING, GOD-FEARING 
CITIZENS, WHO WILL TEACH AND LEAD THEIR PEOPLE. ITS 
FUNDAMENTAL WORK IS CHARACTER-BUILDING— EDUCATION 
OF HEAD, HAND, AND HEART. 

THE HAMPTON NORMAL AND AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE 
IS NEITHER A STATE NOR A GOVERNMENT SCHOOL. OVER 
$115,000 MUST BE RAISED ANNUALLY IN DONATIONS FOR 
SCHOLARSHIPS AND GENERAL EXPENSES. 

SOME NEEDS OF THE SCHOOL ARE 

Permanent academic scholarships - - $2000 

" industrial " - - 800 

500 Annual academic " . . . 70 

500 " industrial " ... 30 

5000 Annual subscriptions for general purposes in amounts 
from $1 to $10 



FORM OF BEQUEST 
I GIVE AND DEVISE TO THE TRUSTEES OF THE HAMP- 
TON NORMAL AND AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE, HAMPTON, VA., 

THE SUM OF DOLLARS, PAYABLE 




ANEW ARRIVAL AT HAMPTON, SEATED 
ON HIS TRUNK WHILE WAITING HIS 
TURN TO BE ENROLLED BY THE COMMAND- 
ANT OF CADETS. 

HAMPTON INSTITUTE HAS (1909) 1352 
STUDENTS, INCLUDING 497 CHILDREN IN 
THE WHITTIER TRAINING SCHOOL. OF 
THE 855 BOARDERS, 328 ARE GIRLS. 




AN INDIAN, FRESH FROM THE PLAINS, 
^ARRIVING AT THE WIGWAM. OF THE 
BOARDING STUDENTS AT HAMPTON INSTI- 
TUTE, SEVENTY (1909) ARE INDIANS; FIFTY 
OF THESE ARE GIRLS. 




A FIRST-YEAR BOY AT WORK IN THE 
STUDENTS' KITCHEN. THE NEW NE- 
GRO BOYS WORK AT VARIOUS KINDS OF 
UNSKILLED LABOR FOR ONE YEAR, GOING 
TO SCHOOL TWO HOURS IN THE EVENING. 
BY SUCH WORK THEY ACCUMULATE A 
CREDIT BALANCE WHICH HELPS THEM 
TO MEET THEIR EXPENSES. 




ONE OF THE FORTY INDIAN GIRLS WHO 
LIVE IN WINONA (ELDER SISTER) 
LODGE, AND DO ALL THE HOUSEWORK OF 
THE BUILDING. ALL THE DORMITORIES 
ARE REGULARLY INSPECTED BY SCHOOL 
OFFICERS. 




A TYPE OF THE NEGRO GIRLS WHO DO 
THE LAUNDRY WORK FOR NEARLY 
1000 PERSONS, AS WELL AS FOR THE 
BOARDING DEPARTMENT OF THE SCHOOL. 
OVER 25,000 PIECES ARE WASHED EVERY 
WEEK. EACH GIRL IS TAUGHT HOW TO 
DO ALL PARTS OF THE WORK. AND IS, 
BESIDES, GIVEN LABORATORY INSTRUC- 
TION IN LAUNDRY CHEMISTRY. 





THE INDIAN GIRLS DO THEIR OWN 
WASHING AND IRONING IN THE LAUN- 
DRY OF THEIR BUILDING. 

HAMPTON INSTITUTE IS NEITHER A 
<10VERNMENT NOR A STATE SCHOOL, AS 
MANY SUPPOSE, BUT IS A PRIVATE COR- 
PORATION WITH A CHARTER FROM THE 
VIRGINIA LEGISLATURE OF 1870. 




THE STUDENTS HAVE A PLEASANT SO- 
CIAL LIFE, GIRLS AND BOYS MEETING 
DAILY AT TABLE AND IN THE CLASSROOM, 
AND OCCASIONALLY IN SOCIAL GATHER- 
INGS ON SATURDAY EVENINGS, UNDER THE 
CARE OF TEACHERS. AT SUCH TIMES AND 
IN THE KING'S DAUGHTERS' CIRCLES, THEY 
ARE TAUGHT HOW TO PLAN AND CARRY 
OUT SIMPLE ENTERTAINMENTS. 




A LOAD OF VEGETABLES FURNISHED BY 
THE AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT TO 
THE BOARDING DEPARTMENTS. ALL STU- 
DENTS OF AGRICULTURE HAVE INSTRUC- 
TION AND PRACTICE IN MARKET GARDEN- 
ING AND IN HORTICULTURE. 




ONE OF THE STUDENTS OF ANIMAL 
INDUSTRY. BESIDES WORK WITH 
POULTRY, CATTLE, AND HORSES ON THE 
HOME FARM, THE STUDENTS OF THIS 
SUBJECT HAVE PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION 
AT SHELLBANKS, THE SCHOOL'S WELL- 
EQUIPPED STOCK FARM OF SIX HUNDRED 
ACRES, SIX MILES DISTANT. 




AN INDIAN AT WORK IN ONE OF THE 
GREENHOUSES. EVERY STUDENT IN 
THE SCHOOL, INCLUDING NEARLY FIVE 
HUNDRED CHILDREN IN THE WHITTIER 
TRAINING SCHOOL, HAS MORE OR LESS 
INSTRUCTION IN THE NATURE OF SOILS 
AND IN THE GROWTH OF PLANTS. 




BOTH GIRLS AND BOYS ARE GIVEN 
THOROUGH INSTRUCTION IN ALL 
KINDS OF GARDEN WORK. THEY MAKE 
AND CULTIVATE GARDENS OF THEIR OWN 
AND IN THEIR SENIOR YEAR TEACH GAR- 
DENING TO THE CHILDREN IN THE WHIT- 
TIER TRAINING SCHOOL. 



14 




WHENEVER A STUDENT'S PROGRAM 
PERMITS, HALF A YEAR IS SPENT IN 
PRACTICING HOUSEHOLD HANDICRAFTS. 
THESE INCLUDE SIMPLE CARPENTRY, PA- 
PERING, WHITEWASHING, PAINTING, AND 
GLAZING, AS WELL AS THE REPAIR OF 
TINWARE, SHOES, AND HARNESS. 



15 




WORKING BUTTER IN THE DAIRY. 
GIRLS AS WELL AS BOYS LEARN 
TO MAKE BUTTER AND STUDY VARIOUS 
METHODS OF CREAMING, RIPENING, AND 
TESTING MILK. THEY HAVE PRACTICAL 
INSTRUCTION IN POULTRY RAISING ALSO. 



i6 




IN CONNECTION WITH THE COOKING 
COURSES, CERTAIN GIRLS ASSIST IN 
PREPARING THE MEALS FOR THE TEACH- 
ERS' HOME; AND ALL OF THEM HAVE 
PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE IN PREPARING 
AND SERVING BREAKFASTS AND DINNERS 
FOR A SMALL FAMILY. 



17 




EVERY GIRL IN THE SCHOOL RECEIVES 
INSTRUCTION IN GENERAL HOUSE- 
WORK, INCLUDING THE CARE OF ROOMS 
AND HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS, AND SILVER 
AND BRASS POLISHING. 




THE SCHOOL HAS A THOROUGHLY OR- 
GANIZED FIRE DEPARTMENT, WHICH 
HAS GIVEN EFFICIENT AID NOT ONLY ON 
ITS OWN GROUNDS BUT IN THE NEIGH- 
BORING TOWNS. 



19 




A TYPE OF THE BUILDING TRADES 
OFFERED TO ALL THE YOUNG MEN AT 
THE ARMSTRONG AND SLATER MEMORIAL 
TRADE SCHOOL. IN ALL OF THE TRADES 
ENTERING INTO THE BUILDING OF HOUSES 
THE YOUNG MEN HAVE ABUNDANT OPPOR- 
TUNITY FOR PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE AND 
FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BOTH INITIA- 
TIVE AND SKILL. 




HARNESS MAKING IS A PART OF THE 
MANUAL TRAINING COURSE FOR BOYS. 
THE REGULAR "SEWING" TRADES GIVEN 
ARE TAILORING, SHOEMAKING, AND UP- 
HOLSTERING. 




EVERY CARPENTER IS REQUIRED TO 
HAVE SOME KNOWLEDGE OF BRICK- 
LAYING AND PLASTERING, PAINTING, AND 
TINSMITHING. ALL OF THE TRADE STU- 
DENTS HAVE LESSONS IN DRAUGHTING 
OR FREEHAND DRAWING TO SUPPLEMENT 
THEIR TRADE WORK. 




SOME OF THE YOUNG MEN IN THE STUDY 
HALL. THE ACADEMIC COURSES ARE 
PARALLEL WITH THE INDUSTRIAL ONES 
AND ARE OFTEN CORRELATED WITH THEM. 
THE COURSE OF STUDY COMBINES THE 
ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF THE PUBLIC 
HIGH SCHOOL (EXCEPT THE CLASSICS), 
THE NORMAL SCHOOL, AND THE INDUS- 
TRIAL HIGH SCHOOL. 



23 




A COMPANY OF THE SCHOOL BATTALION 
MARCHING INTO MEMORIAL CHURCH 
AFTER INSPECTION. THE CHURCH, LIKE 
THE SCHOOL, IS UNSECTARIAN, BEING 
CALLED "THE CHURCH OF CHRIST IN 
HAMPTON INSTITUTE." THE RELIGIOUS 
LIFE OF THE SCHOOL IS STRONG AND 
EARNEST. SUNDAY SCHOOL IS HELD ON 
SUNDAYS AND THERE ARE REGULAR 
WEEKLY RELIGIOUS MEETINGS. PLANTA- 
TION SONGS ARE SUNG EVERY SUNDAY 
EVENING. 



24 




ALTHOUGH THERE IS NO NURSE TRAIN- 
ING DEPARTMENT CONNECTED WITH 
HAMPTON INSTITUTE, THE GIRLS HAVE 
LECTURES ON THE CARE OF THE SICK AND 
ON FIRST AID TO THE INJURED, AND THEY 
ASSIST THE NURSES WHEN NECESSARY. 



25 




THE MISSIONARY SPIRIT IS CULTIVATED 
BY WEEKLY VISITS TO THE OLD, THE 
SICK, AND THE POOR. STUDENTS IN THE 
OLDER CLASSES TEACH IN MISSION SUNDAY 
SCHOOLS, OR VISIT THE CABINS, JAIL, OR 
POORHOUSE ON SUNDAY. DURING THEIR 
LEISURE TIME ON WEEK DAYS THEY FRE- 
QUENTLY MEND FENCES OR CABINS, OR 
MAKE GARDENS FOR THE HELPLESS. 



26 




IN THE KING'S DAUGHTERS' "TENS," THE 
GIRLS ARE ENCOURAGED TO THINK 
OF AND WORK FOR OTHERS. CHRISTMAS 
BOXES ARE SENT TO NEEDY SCHOOLS 
AND CLOTHES ARE MADE FOR THE POOR 
IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD. 



27 




AT A NEIGHBORING SOCIAL SETTLEMENT 
UNDER THE CARE OF HAMPTON 
GRADUATES, SENIOR GIRLS ASSIST IN 
TEACHING SEWING AND GARDENING, AND 
SENIOR BOYS IN TEACHING NIGHT SCHOOL. 
THE IDEA OF SERVICE IS INCULCATED IN 
EVERY POSSIBLE WAY. 



28 




A TYPE OF THE STUDENT-TEACHERS 
WHO HAVE THE ENTIRE CARE, FOR A 
HALF-YEAR, OF A GRADE OF CHILDREN IN 
THE WHITTIER TRAINING SCHOOL. BE- 
SIDES THE ORDINARY PRIMARY STUDIES 
THEY TEACH GARDENING, SEWING, AND 
OTHER INDUSTRIAL BRANCHES. 



29 




THE HUNTINGTON MEMORIAL LIBRARY 
SUPPLEMENTS THE WORK OF ALL DE- 
PARTMENTS, AND NOT ONLY LOANS ABOUT 
15,000 BOOKS ANNUALLY, BUT HAS A 
REFERENCE ROOM IN CONSTANT USE AND 
A PICTURE EXHIBIT ROOM OF DISTINCT 
CULTURAL VALUE. 

THIS BUILDING IS ONE OF OVER ONE 
HUNDRED WHICH WITH THIER EQUIPMENT 
AND WITH TWO LARGE FARMS, CONSTI- 
TUTE THE PLANT OF HAMPTON INSTITUTE. 



3° 







VIRGINIA AND CLEVELAND HALLS ARE 
GIRLS' DORMITORIES AND CONTAIN 
ALSO DINING ROOMS AND CHAPEL. 

SINCE 1868, 8248 STUDENTS HAVE 
RECEIVED INSTRUCTION AT HAMPTON. 
EIGHTY-SEVEN PER CENT OF THEM ARE 
NOW ENGAGED IN USEFUL OCCUPATIONS, 
FOLLOWING TRADES, TEACHING, OR FARM- 
ING. A PAMPHLET, "SOME RESULTS OF 
HAMPTON'S WORK," WHICH MAY BE OB- 
TAINED ON APPLICATION, GIVES FUR- 
THER INFORMATION. 



31 



EACH YEAR IT IS NECESSARY, IN ORDER TO SUPPLEMENT THE 
SCHOOL'S REGULAR INCOME, TO RAISE $115,000 FOR RUNNING 
EXPENSES. 

THE ENDOWMENT FUND IS INADEQUATE, A FUND OF 
$3,000,000 BEING NEEDED TO PLACE THE INSTITUTION ON A 
FIRM FOUNDATION. ALL BEQUESTS ARE ADDED TO THE ENDOW- 
MENT, BUT ANY GIFT, EVEN THE SMALLEST, IS ENCOURAGING 
AND HELPFUL. 



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